基于“分子胶”的新型两亲性嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA的合成及其胶束化

以二重氢键为引导,二硫键连接疏水性聚乳酸(PLA)和亲水性β-环糊精(β-CD)合成了嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA。采用1 H-NMR和GPC对嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA的结构进行了表征,以芘作为荧光分子探针对嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA自组装胶束的性质进行了表征,采用动态光散射纳米粒度仪(DLS)对自组装胶束的粒径进行了测试。结果表明:在二重氢键的引导作用力和碘的氧化作用下,中间体脱去保护基形成双二硫键,形成目标嵌段共聚物β-CD-PLA,该嵌段共聚物能够在水中自组装形成纳米胶束,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.089mg/mL,在稀溶液中具有良好的稳定性,自组装形成空白胶束的粒径为31nm,阿霉素盐酸盐(DOX)载药胶束的粒径为42nm。     

Crystal structure of pharmaceutical cocrystals of 2,6‐diaminopyridine with piracetam and theophylline

Pharmaceutical cocrystals are crystalline solids formed by an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a cocrystal former. The cocrystals 2,6‐diaminopyridine (DAP)–piracetam [PIR; systematic name: 2‐(2‐oxopyrrolidin‐1‐yl)acetamide] (1/1), C₅H₇N₃·C₆H₁₀N₂O₂, (I), and 2,6‐diaminopyridine–theophylline (TEO; systematic name: 1,3‐dimethyl‐7H‐purine‐2,6‐dione) (1/1), C₅H₇N₃·C₇H₈N₄O₂, (II), were prepared by the solvent‐assisted grinding method and were characterized by IR spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. Cocrystal (I) crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbca and showed a 1:1 stoichiometry. The DAP and PIR molecules are linked by an N—H…O hydrogen‐bond interaction. Self‐assembly of PIR molecules forms a sheet of C (4) and C (7) chains. Cocrystal (II) crystallized in the monoclinic P 2₁/c space group and also showed a 1:1 stoichiometry. The DAP and TEO molecules are connected by N—H…N and N—H…O hydrogen bonds, forming an R ₂²(9) heterosynthon. A bidimensional supramolecular array is formed by interlinked DAP–TEO tetramers, producing a two‐dimensional sheet.     

A novel tubular hydrogen‐bond pattern in a new diazaphosphole oxide: a combination of X‐ray crystallography and theoretical study of hydrogen bonds

In the structure of 2‐(4‐chloroanilino)‐1,3,2λ⁴‐diazaphosphol‐2‐one, C₁₂H₁₁ClN₃OP, each molecule is connected with four neighbouring molecules through (N—H)₂…O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds form a tubular arrangement along the [001] direction built from R ³₃(12) and R ₄³(14) hydrogen‐bond ring motifs, combined with a C (4) chain motif. The hole constructed in the tubular architecture includes a 12‐atom arrangement (three P, three N, three O and three H atoms) belonging to three adjacent molecules hydrogen bonded to each other. One of the N—H groups of the diazaphosphole ring, not co‐operating in classical hydrogen bonding, takes part in an N—H…π interaction. This interaction occurs within the tubular array and does not change the dimension of the hydrogen‐bond pattern. The energies of the N—H…O and N—H…π hydrogen bonds were studied by NBO (natural bond orbital) analysis, using the experimental hydrogen‐bonded cluster of molecules as the input file for the chemical calculations. In the ¹H NMR experiment, the nitrogen‐bound proton of the diazaphosphole ring has a high value of 17.2 Hz for the ²J _H–P coupling constant.     

室温下碘催化直接构建硫化吡唑啉酮

含硫化合物在有机合成、药物化学以及材料化学等领域具有重要的作用.到目前为止,科学家已经在C-S键的构建领域进行了很多工作.在构建C-S键的众多方法中,金属催化的C-S键合成反应是一类很重要的反应,但是此方法存在着催化剂对空气敏感、环境不友好等问题.因此,发展无金属催化的C-S键构建反应受到了人们越来越多的重视.基于我们在碘催化相关反应方面的研究,本文报道了一种碘催化的硫化吡唑啉酮类化合物的合成方法.我们选用3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑啉-5-酮与二苯二硫醚为底物进行条件筛选实验,发现I2(10%)为催化剂,二氧六环为溶剂,H2O2为氧化剂为最优化的实验条件,目标产物硫化吡唑啉酮最高产率为88%.在最优化的反应条件下,我们尝试了带有不同官能团(NO2,Cl,OH等)的吡唑啉酮与二硫醚的反应,均能以较高产率得到目标产物.当含有杂环的二硫醚(2,2'-二硫二吡啶)作为反应底物时,也能以中等以上的产率得到相应的目标产物.另外还进行了对比试验,例如在反应体系中加入自由基捕获剂TEMPO,反应产率会大大降低,说明反应中应该有自由基中间体生成;如果反应体系中不加碘,则反应产率为零;如果反应体系中不加H2O2,则反应产率由88%降低至48%,说明碘和H2O2在反应中都起到了重要作用.通过以上对比试验,提出了可能的反应机理:首先,二硫醚发生均裂反应生成苯硫基自由基,然后苯硫基自由基与碘反应生成亲电的PhSI活性中间体,PhSI与异构化的吡唑啉酮发生亲电取代反应,生成目标产物硫化吡唑啉酮和HI,HI可以被H2O2氧化生成I2继续参与下一轮催化反应.以3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑啉-5-酮与二苯二硫醚为底物,我们对此反应进行了放大试验,结果显示反应产率几乎没有降低,这为此反应的大规模应用奠定了基础.在此,我们发展了一种简单高效的合成硫化吡唑啉酮的反应,此方法无需金属催化剂,利用常见的碘为催化剂就可以以较高的产率得到目标产物.为合成含硫化合物提供了一种新的方法.     

An Alternating Polymer of Two Building Blocks Based on B←N Unit:Non-fullerene Acceptor for Organic Photovoltaics

B←N coordination bond can be used to develop polymer electron acceptors for efficient all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs). Here, we report a new alternating conjugated polymer containing two building blocks based on B←N unit. The polymer exhibits strong light absorption in the visible range, low-lying LUMO/HOMO energy levels and moderate electron mobility. The resulting all-PSC devices exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 1.50%–2.47%.     

Hydrogen bond network-stabilisation of blue phases by addition of a chiral N-(10-hydroxydecyl)succinimide derivative and alkane diols

Blue phases (BPs) obtained by doping a commercially available liquid crystalline compound (4-butyl-N-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)aniline (EBBA)) with (2R,3R)-2,3-bis(4-octyloxyphenylbenzoyloxy)-N-(hydroxydecyl)succinimide (1) were highly stabilised by the addition of a small amount of alkane diols. Especially, addition of only 0.5 mol% of octane-1,8-diol increased the BP–Iso transition temperature by 10 K and widened the BP temperature range up to 35 K. A model stabilisation mechanism based on the construction of a hydrogen bond network in each disclination zone in BPs was proposed.     

基于糖和苯硼酸动态共价键的高效蛋白质表面修饰方法

糖和蛋白质的相互作用参与了很多重要的生命过程.研究糖和蛋白质的相互作用有多种手段,石英晶体微天平(QCM)是其中重要的一种.研究中常需要将蛋白质通过共价键连接在天平芯片的表面.但是,用于检测糖分子的蛋白质多为植物凝集素,它们的分子量大,表面可修饰位点少,通过共价键修饰在芯片表面的效率偏低.本文提出一种基于糖和苯硼酸之间动态共价键的新修饰方法,能够大幅度提高蛋白质在芯片表面的修饰效率.     

硫化天然橡胶的本征自修复与固相回收加工

通过小分子模拟试验和应力松弛,发现甲基丙烯酸铜(MA-Cu)比氯化铜(CuCl_2)更适合用作硫化天然橡胶中二硫键交换反应催化剂,并且硫化天然橡胶中的二硫键交换反应需要在高于120°C的温度下才能高效进行,这保障了相关制品在较低温工作时的结构与性能稳定.进一步的实验结果表明,硫化天然橡胶在MA-Cu辅助作用下获得了多次自修复与固相回收加工性能,损伤自修复后的硫化天然橡胶与固相回收加工的再生硫化天然橡胶,其拉伸强度均可恢复到原始材料强度的80%左右.     

极长与极短的铜铜距离-吡唑环三核亚铜配合物亲铜作用本质及发光调控

本文结合近年来亲金属作用研究领域的进展,针对本课题组在环三核亚铜配合物方面的最新研究成果,讨论了两个铜(I)–铜(I)作用相差悬殊的体系。一是通过构筑具有环三核单元的三棱柱笼状配合物,确认在正堆积模式下即使环三核单元之间亲铜作用极弱依然可以在磷光发射态中产生强亲铜作用,且通过配体的预留配位点与Cu_2I_2簇连结从而得到自校准大范围发光温度计;二是通过与亲铜作用正交的Br―Br卤键,实现环三核亚铜配合物前所未有的极短铜(I)–铜(I)距离,通过各种电子结构分析方法研究其本质。结果表明即使当铜(I)–铜(I)距离很接近铜的范德华半径和时,其本质依然为闭壳层作用,而Br―Br作用总为闭壳层作用,且该体系中最强的Br―Br作用很好地体现出一个Br原子的σ穴和另一个Br原子的负静电势区域的匹配性。     

中国国债期货与隐含择券期权定价

本文提出了一种双树拼接的改进BDT模型,在此基础上发展出两种方法为中国市场上的国债期货和择券期权定价。其中"直接定价法"直接使用双树拼接树图,"两步定价法"则是经期权调整的持有成本模型。对中国TF1403和T1603国债期货合约的实证研究表明,两种方法都是合理的,且各有优势,"两步定价法"与市场价格差异较小,"直接定价法"与市场价格同步性较高。